Describe what is meant by a clock speed of 3.8 GHz.
Identify four events that take place during the fetch-execute cycle
Define the term multimedia
Distinguish between transcription and transposition types of errors and give an example of each (4mks)
Transcription Errors: Transcription errors involve the incorrect entry of data due to mistakes made during the copying or typing process. These errors can occur when transferring information from one source to another.
Transposition Errors: Transposition errors specifically refer to errors where the order of characters or digits is accidentally reversed or swapped. This can happen during manual data entry or when processing information.
State two reasons why the data in fields such SEX field in a database should be coded.
5 Artificial intelligence is an emerging trend in computer science.
(a) Discuss the use of artificial intelligence by describing some of its characteristics, the ways in which it may be used and the ethical issues associated with its use.
Branch of computer science based on enabling computers to
behave like humans/mimic aspects of human intelligence
• AI is implemented in software.
• Combines psychology, biology, linguistics, mathematics, neuroscience,
and philosophy (ethics)
• AI is not the same as the general intelligence of human beings
Uses – Any of the following:
• Game playing (chess, quiz, video games)
• Analytics (analyse buying patterns, predicting behaviours, predictive
text, financial markets)
• Image processing (recognising objects/patterns)
• Logistics (scheduling, order fulfilment)
• Control systems (cars, manufacturing, weapons, navigation)
• Expert systems (medical, mechanical, electrical diagnosis)
• Neural networks (simulating neuron behaviours as in brains)
• Natural languages processing (chatterbots, chatbots, speech
recognition)
• Robotics (dangerous situations, help aged or disabled)
Ethical issues – Any of the following:
• Take the work of humans, thereby affecting employment rates
• Is a computer to be trusted to make decisions (life-death)?
• If a computer discovers something that humans can’t prove, should it be
accepted as truth?
• Do AI machines have rights?
• Will people be comfortable interacting with machines that are
considered intelligent?
State email protocols
Give an example of where a PAN could be used
State the reasons for system review and maintenance
A large comprehensive school has over 500 computers connected to their Local Area Network (LAN) with a connection to the Internet. (a) Describe, in detail, four disadvantages for the school of having a network of computers compared to stand alone computers
A network manager may need to be employed which might be expensive
Could be infected with a virus that could spread to all other computers
Security problems receive traffic from other networks
Hackers may gain access as the network only as secure as weakest point of entry to data and steal/destroy
The server/switch could go down (main cable break) so all workstations on the network are affected
Can be expensive to set up as Initial cost of servers, communication devices, switches, network software etc.
Substantial Initial disruption: drilling holes, fitting trunking, running cables between buildings etc…
Can have a slow response time due to heavy network traffic so users cannot work as effectively
Detecting network problems can be more difficult on a network i.e difficult to isolate
Can be slow to log in to a network As it slow to download software/check password
Only limited storage space available on network while one has access to all hard disc drive on standalone computer
Time and effort to set up users o Can just start a standalone and use computer
For your item named in (a) describe two different tasks that the microprocessor performs.
A computer is upgraded to a dual-core CPU.
Explain how the upgrade can affect the performance of the computer.
A school has 3000 students sitting final examinations.
Each student sits eight examinations.
Write an algorithm, using pseudocode or a flowchart, which:
• inputs the marks for all 8 examinations for each student
• outputs for each student the average mark for their 8 examinations
• outputs the highest mark overall
highest = -1
for student = 1 to 3000
total = 0
for exam = 1 to 8
input mark
total = total + mark
if mark > highest then highest = mark
next
average = total/8
output average
next
output highest
Python code:
highest = -1
for student in range(1, 3001):
total = 0
for exam in range(1, 9):
mark = int(input("Enter mark: "))
total += mark
if mark > highest:
highest = mark
average = total / 8
print("Average:", average)
print("Highest mark:", highest)
VBA Code
Option Explicit
Sub CalculateAverageAndHighest()
Dim highest As Integer
Dim total As Integer
Dim mark As Integer
Dim average As Double
highest = -1
For student = 1 To 3000
total = 0
For exam = 1 To 8
mark = InputBox("Enter mark:")
total = total + mark
If mark > highest Then
highest = mark
End If
Next exam
average = total / 8
MsgBox "Average: " & average
Next student
MsgBox "Highest mark: " & highest
End Sub
Ochieng manages a network for an organisation.
(a) Two computers are assigned the same IP address.
Explain why Ochieng must change the IP address of one of the computers.
(b) Identify the network topology that requires a server.
Ochieng manages a network for an organisation.
(a) Two computers are assigned the same IP address.
Explain why Ochieng must change the IP address of one of the computers.
(b) Identify the network topology that requires a server.
A school intends to install a computer network. Explain three challenges that the school may experience after the installation (KCSE 2021 Computer Studies Q19(b))
Network Failure - when the network becomes faulty or the network is down, users may not access network resources hence operations of an organization may be brought to a standstill
Security Issues: A computer network can be accessed thus there is an increased chance of hacking
The rapid spread of viruses: Viruses can easily spread to terminals of a computer network which may be very expensive to clear
Cultural and moral effects: adult content may be shared in a networked environment which may be of negative impact on teenagers
Outline a factor that can influence the performance of a network.
Give two reasons why hexadecimal is often used instead of binary in computer
science.
What is block operation as used in Microsoft word?
An editing or formatting procedure that is carried out on a selected block of text in a word-processing document.
A formatting or editing operation that is applied to a block of text after selecting. The block of text can be a paragraph, line, word, page or the whole document. It is much easier to apply editing or formatting to a block of text than to apply it to every single character
Ahmed uses the Internet for some time and is puzzled by the terminology.
(a) Draw a line to match each description to the appropriate technical term.