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Q&A-KCSE Computer Studies Paper 1

Distinguish between one to one and one to many relationships as used in relational databases

One to one  - Each record in the parent table has exactly one related record in the child table, and vice versa.

One to Many -  Each record in the parent table can have multiple related records in the child table, but each record in the child table is related to only one record in the parent table

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State two places where robots are used.

  • car factories/factories
  • chemical/nuclear factories
  • production lines
  • warehouses
  • deep in the ocean/down mines
  • on other planets/in space
  • road junctions

Explain the following terms

(a) Disk mirroring

(b) Encryption

(c) Backup

(a) Disk mirroring- Data is written on two or more disks simultaneously.

(b) Encryption - Contents are scrambled so they cannot be understood without a decryption key

(c) Backup - A copy of the data is taken and stored in another location

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Internet and E-mail Questions

Define the term internet      1mk

  • The global interconnection of computer networks for purpose of communication and resource sharing

Explain the term web page    1mk

  • A hypertext  page prepared to display the content on the web

Explain the following internet address http://www.google.co.us in reference to the structure of a URL    3mks

  • HTTP- hypertext transfer protocol or simply protocol
  • WWW – subdomain
  • google – the name of the computer with the web content/domain name
  • .co – top level domain for commercial organization
  • .us- a TLD extension for the country US

 

What is the world wide web                                       1mk

  •  A virtual space on the internet that allows web pages and sites to be accessed

Define the term browser                                    1mk

  •  A software that used viewing of web content

Explain the meaning of the word hyperlink     1mk

  • A text or picture that is a link to another webpage on the internet

What is a search engine?     1mk

  • Is a special program that collects and stores links to information websites allowing users to search its database for them
  • A specialized web-based application that help the user to search for specific information on the internet.

Explain the meaning of the term internet service provider            1mk

  • A company that offers internet services to end-users

Identify three elements apart from a computer that is required for one to be connected to the internet    3mk

  • Modem
  • Internet software
  • Internet service provider
  • Telecommunication lines
  • TCP/IP protocols

 

Define the term modem 1mk

  • Stands for modulator-demodulator
  • A device that enables telecommunication to use telephone lines

What is a protocol? Write the following in full: TCP/IP, HTML, HTTP and FTP           5mks

  • Protocols – are special communication rules that govern sending and receiving of messages by computers on a network
  • Html – hypertext markup language
  • Hypertext transfer protocol
  • Transmission Control Protocol
  • Internet Protocol
  • File Transfer Protocol

What would you do if a website refused to load on the browser within the first attempt?   1mk

  • Click the refresh button on the toolbar

 State three internet services                         3mks

  • Instant messaging
  • E-mails
  • E-commerce
  • Social media and networks
  • E-learning

 

Define the term internet telephony      1mk

  • Transmission of voice data over the internet

State three benefits of the internet in our society

  • Provides a platform for conducting business and marketing
  • Provides many platforms such as social media through which people can contact each other
  • Cost saving
  • Efficient communication

State four data types used in MS Excel

  • Labels
  • Values
  • Formula
  • Functions
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 Describe four features of the operating system when providing a graphical user interface on a personal computer. Give a suitable example of each feature.

Windows for example a word processing application and a spreadsheet
 
Menus, for example, allow the user to perform operations or run applications such as right-click to create a new folder  
 
Icons for example a picture of linked computers for networking
 
Pointers(mouse or touchscreen)  for example to select items/trigger events  
 
Shortcuts for example to frequently used applications for example having a shortcut to your mail client on your desktop
 
File navigation for example when searching the hard disc for a file/folder using a browser
 
copying / deleting / moving/sorting/naming/searching of files or folders for example copying of a file from the hard drive to a USB pen drive (File handling)
 
Desktop customisation for example changing the colours and background image
 
Copy and paste for example between applications e.g. copying a graph from a spreadsheet to a word processor
 
Error messages for example provide users with error/warning/help messages for example ‘printer out of paper’ 

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Describe two desirable features to look for in a laptop rather than a desktop computer.

– lightweight
– long battery life
– cool running processor
– touch pad
– internal webcam

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Describe the principles of operation of  laser printers and describe how they are applied in real-life scenarios

  • A laser printer makes use of powdered ink and static electricity to print
  • Unlike inkjet printers which print line-by-line, laser printers print the whole page in one go

Steps

  • The data from the  file to be printed is sent to a printer driver
  • The printer driver checks that the data is in an understandable format
  • The printer driver checks if the printer is able to carry out the print job
  • The data is sent to the printer and is stored in a printer buffer
  • A printing drum in the printer is given a positve charge. A laser beam removes the positive charge in some areas. This leaves negatively charged areas which matches the characters/images to be printed
  •  
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Describe the problem recognition and definition stage of system development

  • problem recognition involves the system analyst identifying and accepting the existence of a problem in the current system
  • problem definition involves the analyst studying the system to understand its operations and shortcomings
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Give one difference between a compiled program and interpreted program

  • A compiled program will only execute on a processor of specific type/family/with same instruction set
  • A program run using an interpreter can execute on a computer with any type of processor;
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(i) Give three advantages and disadvantages of using a touch-sensitive interface.

Advantages

  •  A touch screen is very intuitive
  • Easy to use as the user simply touches what they see on the display
  • Save space as no keyboard or mouse is required.
  • Touch monitors can even be mounted on the wall.
  • Touching a visual display of choices requires little thinking and is a form of direct manipulation that is easy to learn.
  • Touch screens are the fastest pointing devices.
  • Touch screens have easier hand-eye coordination than mice or keyboards.
  • No extra workspace is required as with other pointing devices.
  • Touch screens are durable in public access and in high volume usage

Disadvantages

  • Difficult for people with accessibility issues, e.g no feedback, disability
  • Can be easily damaged/scratched
  • Damaged/scratched screen prevent the interface from functioning as it should
  • Dirty screens difficult to read
  • Users must be within arm’s reach of the display
  • It is difficult to select small items
  • User's hand may obscure the screen
  • Screens need to be installed at a lower position and tilted to reduce arm fatigue
  • Some reduction in image brightness may occur
  • They cost more than alternative devices
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state two advantages of using a pseudocode during program design

  1. Speeds up coding since converting a pseudocode into a programming language is usually faster and easier
  2. Acts as documentation
  3. Simplifies debugging since logical errors can be identified and corrected early in design stage
  4. Language independent since it is not tied to any specific language so can be translated into different languages
  5. It uses simple english-like statements
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(ii) The organisation has chosen wireless connectivity over wired connectivity for its new office building. There is no significant difference in the cost of installing either.
Give three reasons why the organisation might prefer wireless connectivity.

May not have space for cables to be installed

Employees and visitors can move around the building without disconnecting

Adding new users just means giving out the SSID and password

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What is block operation as used in Microsoft word?

An editing or formatting procedure that is carried out on a selected block of text in a word-processing document.

A formatting or editing operation that is applied to a block of text after selecting. The block of text can be a paragraph, line, word, page or the whole document. It is much easier to apply editing or formatting to a block of text than to apply it to every single character

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(a) Name two pieces of hardware needed to enable video-conferencing to take place using a standard computer system.

(b) State one piece of specialist software needed to carry out video-conferencing.

(a)

webcam
speakers
microphone
broadband modem

(b)

use of CODEC (converts/compresses analogue data into digital data)
echo cancellation s/ware (allows talking in real time/keeps everything in sync)
compression s/ware for video/audio
s/ware to access broadband/networking

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Give one application of each type of data transmission. Each application must be different

Parallel

  • sending data from a computer to a printer
  •  internal data transfer (buses)

Serial

  • connect a computer to a modem
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Give one advantage using a star network rather than a ring network.

  • star - if one computer goes down the others can still be used
  • ring - if one computer goes down the others can not be used
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List two types of disaster recovery tools.

  • online storage
  • incremental backup
  • full backup
  • RAID (level 0, 1, 10)
  • uninterruptible power supply (UPS)
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Identify and describe four roles of the operating system when managing the resources of a personal computer.

Manages memory (RAM) 

  • Allocates memory to programs currently executing •

Ensures programs/data do not corrupt each other: Ensures all programs and data including itself is stored in correct memory locations

Manages processes: Ensures different processes can utilise the CPU and do not interfere with each other or crash •

Allows a user to run programs : On a multi-tasking O/S ensure that all tasks appear to run simultaneously

  • Allocates time slices 
  • Scheduling of programs
  • Handles interrupt
  • Allows a user to configure hardware
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A school has 3000 students sitting final examinations.

Each student sits eight examinations.

Write an algorithm, using pseudocode or a flowchart, which:

inputs the marks for all 8 examinations for each student

outputs for each student the average mark for their 8 examinations

outputs the highest mark overall

highest = -1
for student = 1 to 3000
total = 0
for exam = 1 to 8
input mark
total = total + mark
if mark > highest then highest = mark
next
average = total/8
output average
next
output highest

Python code:

highest = -1
for student in range(1, 3001):
    total = 0
    for exam in range(1, 9):
        mark = int(input("Enter mark: "))
        total += mark
        if mark > highest:
            highest = mark
    average = total / 8
    print("Average:", average)
print("Highest mark:", highest)

VBA Code

Option Explicit

Sub CalculateAverageAndHighest()
    Dim highest As Integer
    Dim total As Integer
    Dim mark As Integer
    Dim average As Double
    
    highest = -1
    
    For student = 1 To 3000
        total = 0
        For exam = 1 To 8
            mark = InputBox("Enter mark:")
            total = total + mark
            If mark > highest Then
                highest = mark
            End If
        Next exam
        average = total / 8
        MsgBox "Average: " & average
    Next student
    
    MsgBox "Highest mark: " & highest
End Sub

 

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