• A computer is an electronic device that operates (works) under the control of programs stored in its own memory unit
• An electronic device that accepts data, as input and transforms it under the influence of a set of special instructions called programs, to produce the desired output (referred to as information)

• Because it will be subject to movement  and it does not use mechanical/moving parts

          OR

• Solid state storage is smaller/more compact so better suited for a wearable device

          OR

• Doesn’t have moving parts  because they could be disrupted during use

c) Six ways in which Christians can assist the physically challenged members of the society (6mks)

Establishing special institutions for them

Donating equipment, which assists them in their movement.

Giving them vocational training

Assisting them in their daily chores

Accepting them as human beings like themselves

Helping them to develop their talents e.g. games, music, drama etc.

Identifying their abilities and giving them employment.

Encouraging relatives to live with them.

Giving them financial assistance to start income generating projects 

a) The parable of the shrewd manager in Luke 16:1-33. (7mks)

There was a rich man who had a steward. He received charges that the steward was wasting his goods.

He called him what he was hearing about him. He told him to turn in account of his stewardship for he could no longer be steward.

The steward asked himself what he would do since his master was taking the stewardship away from him.

He was not strong enough to dig and was ashamed to beg.

He decided what to do so that people may receive him into their house when he is out of the stewardship

He was to summon his masters’ debtors one by one. He went to the first one and asked him how much he owned his master. The debtor said a hundred measures of oil, which he was told to write fifty.

He asked another how much he owned his master. He said a hundred measures of wheat he was told to write eighty

The master commended the dishonest steward for his shrewdness for the sons of his world are shrewder in dealing with their own generation that the ones light.

Seven causes of conflict between Jesus and the Jewish leader in Jerusalem. (7mks)

They questioned the authority Jesus was using to teach Lk 20:1-8.

Jesus accused them of persecuting and rejecting Gods servants in the parable of tenants. Lk 20:9-18.

They had conflict on the issue of whether to pay taxes to cease or not. Lk 20:19-26

The question on resurrection by the Sadducees on Levites marriage. Lk 20:27-39

He claimed to be the messiah and said that even David called Him Lord in the book of Psalms Lk 20:4-44

Jesus openly condemned the hypocrisy of the Jewish leader Lk 20:45-47

Jesus prophesied the destruction of temple of Jerusalem

He condemned the offerings of the rich Jewish leaders, which were meant to show off, but praised the widows’ offerings, which was made out of self-sacrifice Lk 21:1.

Six ways in which parents can resolve misunderstanding with their children. (6mks)

Allowing dialogue

Listening to their views

Presenting them with the correct, picture of the situation

Setting a good example to them

Giving them appropriate time for leisure activities

Seeking help from church leaders

Guiding them on how to choose friends

Advising them on the right moral values

Praying for and with them to bring about understanding 

Committing the children to God’s will

Discussing the problem with their friends and relatives

a) Seven reasons why Jesus sent the Holy Spirit to the disciples after his ascension. (7mks)

The holy spirit would comfort the disciples

He was to counsel the disciples

He would guide the disciples on what is right / God’s righteousness

He was to convict people of their sins

He was to show disciples on what is right

He was to reveal the future / enable the disciples to prophet’s / God’s will

He would glorify Jesus through the work of the disciples

He would enable the disciples to witness Christ throughout the world

He would replace the physical presence of Jesus 

He would empower the disciples to be able to speak with courage

b)How the unity of believers is expressed in the body of Christ? (8mks)

St Paul describes the believers as the body of Christ 

Christ is the head of the church

The believers form parts of the body

The body has different organs, in the same way the church has different members

They all need to work together for the well-being of the church 

Every part of the body is needed to make it whole/ all parts interdependent / one part cannot be without the other

The different church members are given different spiritual gifts by the holy spirit to carry out God’s work 

Believers are united through baptism in the Holy Spirit.

c)The church in Kenya help to bring about the unity in the country. (6mks)

Assisting the government is developing a curriculum schools that teaches about patriotism

Advocating for peaceful co-existence among Kenyans

Fighting corruption, discrimination, tribalism, nepotism and all forms of favourism

Acting as a voice of reason among the ruling political class demanding their unity as a government

Assisting the less fortunate in the society thus fighting disparity

Condemning and reporting to the relevant authorized groups that bring disharmony in the society

Developing joint rallies, prayers and reconciliatory meetings together.

Forgiving one another to avoid disunity

Obeying church rules/ leaders

Chastity is a virtue

a) Attitude of Christian towards human sexuality. (7mks)

Sex is sacred

Man and woman are for companionship

Both man and woman are equal before God

It is for procreation

Man and woman are complementary 

Man and woman were created in the image of God

They became one in marriage

Human beings have the ability to control sexual desire

All forms of irresponsible sex are condemned 

Chastity is a virtue

b)Six ways in which sex is abused in Kenya today. (6mks)

Sex before marriage / fornication/ pre-marital sex

Sex outside marriage / adultery

Prostitution

Bestiality

Homosexuality/ lesbianism/ sodomy/oral sex

Pornographic literature/mass media using of technological devices in sex

Incest

Masturbation

Rape /defilement of minors

c)Why are minors sexually abused in Kenya today? (7mks)

Permissiveness

Lack of self-control

Influence of the mass media

Mental illness / stress/ drug and substance influence

Erosion of the African culture moral value

False religious / devil worship /strange cults

To avenge for oneself

Breakdown of religious values

Irresponsible parenthood

Indecent dressing

Leniency of the law

Idleness

Poverty / unemployment

6 a) Six practices in the African Society that promoted law, order and justice? (6mks)

Cultural taboos/dos and don’ts in the society

Kinship ties had rules which governed their relationships

Oaths – swearing while making agreements.

Rites of passage e.g. during initiation, the youth were taught laws/secrets of society.

Practice of rituals in the society promoted good relationships between the living/living dead.

Communal life i.e. “I am because we are, and since we are therefore Iamb.”

Inheritance of property was done fairly which brought justice /order.

Worship of God/veneration of ancestors created orderliness

b). Seven reasons for the need of law, order and justice in the society. (7mks)

In order to safeguard peoples personal rights.

To ensure security and protection of the people and their property.

To promote peace and harmony

To attract both local and foreign investment in the country

To promote peaceful relationship between countries.

To safeguard freedom of the citizens

To control and check the powers of those in authority

To enable the gov’t to implement its taxation policies effectively and to use the money

collected for the good of the community

To enable Christians worship God in peace and freely spread the good news.

c) Explain the factors which hinder effective maintenance of law and order in the (7 marks)

Increase in the rate of crime especially in urban areas

Political instability e.g. Post election violence

Greed for power and wealth

Political selfishness leading to dictatorship and despotism

High rate of unemployment leading to idleness / crime

Corruption especially by custodians of the law e.g. police.

Hypocrisy i.e. leaders misleading the society

High level of poverty forcing others into crime

• Fibre optic cable would be used because it has a higher bandwidth, allowing faster communication in the main part of the network. It is also more secure as it cannot be tapped.
• Firewalls filter the data in and out of a network. Each packet is examined against the filter rules and if a packet is flagged, it is dropped. Only data packets that satisfy the filter rules are allowed through the firewall, thus providing a layer of security for the network.
• A satellite system would be better as it does not rely on wifi, cellular etc. It is not subject to interference and is reliable in remote conditions
• Radio-frequency identification (RFID) uses electromagnetic fields to automatically identify and track tags attached to objects. An RFID system consists of a tiny radio transponder, a radio receiver and transmitter. When triggered by an electromagnetic interrogation pulse from a nearby RFID reader device, the tag transmits digital data, usually an identifying inventory number, back to the reader. This number can be used to track inventory goods..

Microwaves can cover shorter distances. On the contrary, radio waves can travel a long distance. Radio wave is usually propagated through sky mode while microwave uses the line of sight propagation. 

• she had actually described verification
• data could be incorrect, therefore same incorrect data typed in twice
• accept description of validation process e.g. range check

• By use of an ergonomic keyboard
• She should take regular breaks from her computer and stretch her joints
• She should use standard furniture with an upright backrest to reduce strain on the back

• Overtype mode: deletes the current text at the cursor position and replaces the existing characters with new text
• Insert Mode: pushes the existing text away as new text is inserted between the existing text

17. a) i) Explain the term search as used in the Internet.                                            [2]

A web based application that locates items or information from the World Wide Web

ii) Peter intends to download a movie from the Internet. State the three factors that may determine the total time taken to complete the download.                                           [3]

• Size of the video/format
• The bandwidth of the media/speed of network/network traffic
• Type of browser software
• Background activities running in the computer
• Restrictions enforced in the computer/firewall/antivirus
• Speed of the computer/CPU speed
• Size of RAM

b) Wakulima online is an organization that runs a web based system for assisting farmers to obtain market for their produce. State four technological reasons that may cause a farmer not to access the organization’s system.                                                                                  [4]

• Poor network/lack of connection
• Software failure in the system

• Hardware failure
• Lack of access rights
• System overload/hanging
• Lack of skills/disability/illiteracy
• Lack of power supply

c) Explain a situation when each of the following Desktop Publishing program features may be used when creating a publication:

i. Cropping                                                                                                               [2]

Applies to graphics – used to trim/remove/hide some portions in the graphics

ii. Transparency                                                                                                         [2]

Used to make background of a graphic to be clear/visible

d. List two areas where infrared waves are used in data communication.                             [2]

18. a) List four activities of the planning stage of systems development.                             Ignore this question, marks redistributed elsewhere

b) Explain a circumstance when each of the following feasibility studies are carried out during systems development.

i. Technical                                                                                                               [3]

Done to determine whether technology exists to support the proposed solution

ii. Economic                                                                                                              [3]

Done to determine whether the proposed solution is economically viable

iii. Schedule                                                                                                               [3]

Done to determine whether the proposed system can be done within an acceptable time.

c) Table 1 and Table 2 are related tables in a database. Use them to answer the questions that follow.

Table 1

Table 2

i. Identify the appropriate primary key for each table.                    [2]

Table 1 – Dept code, Student Registration No

ii. Explain two benefits of enforcing referential integrity in the database. [4]

• No record can be added in Table 2 if its corresponding record in Table 1 does not exist
• No record in Table 1 can be deleted without first deleting the corresponding record in Table 2
• Reduces data redundancies/ensures integrity
• Prevents deletion of related table

19. a) Describe each of the following validation checks as used in data processing.

i. Preserve check                                                                                                      [2]

Ignore this question, marks redistributed elsewhere

ii. Data type check                                                                                                    [2]

Ensure correct type of data is entered for the field

iii. Check digit                                                                                                           [2]

This is a number added/calculated by the computer to a binary number. The check digit ensures correct transmission of the binary number.

b. Write each of the following abbreviations in full:

i) BCD                                                                                                                                    [1½]

Binary Coded Decimal

ii) EBCD                                                                                                                                 [

This question was thrown out and marks redistributed elsewhere

iii) ASCII                                                                                                                    [1½]

American Standard Code for Information Interchange

c) Using 10-bits binary number system, perform the following decimal operation using two’s complement.                                                                                                                                   [6]

12910 - 12810

+129 = 00 1000 0001

128 = 00 1000 0000

-128 = 11 0111 1111 (ones complement)

                            +1

          11 1000 0000 (Twos complement)

129- 128

     00 1000 0001

+ 11 1000 0000

 100 0000 0001

Hence = 00 0000 00012 or 12 (the overflow bit is ignored)

• It is a feature used to prevent unwanted changes to be made on the data contained in a sheet by limiting the ability to make changes

a)  i)  Explain what is meant by the term volatile memory                                                            (1mark)

• Memory content is lost when the power is turned off

ii) What is normally stored in the non-volatile part of a computer’s main memory                       (1mark)

• The Computer’s BIOS

b) Explain why having cache memory can improve the performance of the CPU                         (2mks)

• Frequently used data/instructions are store in the cache; Meaning they don’t have to be fetched from the main memory;
• Data/instructions stored in the cache memory can be accessed faster (than data/instructions stored in the main memory) MAX 2

• The number of FDE cycles run per given time/second
• the frequency that the clock ‘ticks’
• 3.8 billion cycles/instructions per second

• RAID 10 is a combination of RAID 0 (zero) and RAID 1 (one)

• Is where People are manipulated to divulge confidential information

IP spoofing

A technique used to gain unauthorised access to a computer whereby an intruder sends messages to that computer from a false IP address

Back door:
An undocumented method of gaining access to a program, online service or an entire computer system

• Easy to add nodes
• Managed centrally
• Fewer data collisions
• A single node failure does not affect the rest of the network

• To provide access to the Internet

b) What Simeon and Anna said about the life of Jesus during the dedication. (7mks)

Jesus would save people

He would bring glory to Israel

He would be a light to the gentiles

He would be a universal savoir

He would bring judgment to the Israelites

Many people would oppose his work

He would reveal secret thoughts of people

He would be the source of redemption for Jerusalem

• URL is clicked/typed into a web browser address bar. The page is requested (by the web browser) so HTML and files are fetched from a web server and the browser collates the page, which is then displayed on the monitor.
• OR
  URL is clicked/typed into a web browser address bar (1). The browser locates the IP address either in cache or using a DNS server and the browser sends a request to the web server with that IP address web server uses HTTP to send back the requested web page and the browser displays the content of the page .