• once instructions are given, the processing runs automatically hence requiring little supervision
• tasks are processed as a group hence reducing the cost
• It is faster since the since runs automatically
• there is increased output since the processor works without any interruption

• Refers to selecting a group of text eg word, sentence or even a paragraph in order to work with it as a whole

i) To manage the execution of instructions
By running a clock
To decode instructions
(ii) To store OS
To store those parts of applications programs currently running
To store data currently in use
(iii) Part of the processor where data is processed/manipulated
All I/O must pass through here

Advantages

• can cover large areas
• requires minimal land-based transmission support
• requires minimal infrastructure to provide internet access
• minimal impact on the environment or humans.

Disadvantages

• transmission speeds are not comparable with other forms of transmission
• data costs are expensive by comparison to other forms of transmission
• expensive to deliver.

Legend

• Legends are a small visual representation of the chart's data series to understand each without confusion.

A data series

• is a row or column of numbers that are entered in a worksheet and plotted in your chart, such as a list of quarterly business profits
• A group of related data points or markers that are plotted in charts and graphs

Data Marker

• A symbol on the chart that represents a single value in the worksheet.
• A column, dot, pie slice, or another symbol in the chart that represents a data value

1. Use a humidifier: Using a humidifier can help maintain a consistent level of humidity in the computer lab, which can prevent the negative effects of low humidity.

2. Avoid dry air: Avoid creating a dry environment in the computer lab by opening windows or using fans to increase air circulation.

3. Regular maintenance: Ensure that all computer components are properly maintained and cleaned to prevent damage due to static electricity.

4. Backup data: Regularly backup all important data to avoid data loss in case of hardware failure caused by low humidity.

5. Monitor humidity levels: Use a hygrometer to monitor the humidity levels in the computer lab and take corrective measures if the levels fall below a safe range.

6. Use anti-static materials: Use anti-static mats or wristbands when handling computer components to prevent static electricity buildup.

a repeater will amplify a signal and resend it to overcome reduction in signal strength (attenuation) because over a distance network signals diminish in size/amplitude (are attenuated) due to characteristics of the media.

• The OS allocates CPU time to each process, and prioritises them in the order of importance

Network Failure - when the network becomes faulty or the network is down, users may not access network resources hence operations of an organization may be brought to a standstill

Security Issues:  A computer network can be accessed thus there is an increased chance of hacking

The rapid spread of viruses: Viruses can easily spread to terminals of a computer network which may be very expensive to clear

Cultural and moral effects: adult content may be shared in a networked environment which may be of negative impact on teenagers

• compact disks
• DVDs
• Blue Ray

An action query is used to modify, add, or delete data in a database whereas a select query is used to retrieve data from a database based on specified criteria but does not make any changes to the data.

Optical Mark Recognition; Optical Character Recognition; Magnetic Ink Character Recognition ; Optical Bar Recognition

Giving answers as readers is also acceptable, that is, Optical Character Readers, Magnetic Ink Character Readers; Optical Mark Readers

Enrolment:
- Data input on line
- Individual records validated
- Speed mismatch implications
- Indexes updated immediately
Exam grades:
- Data input twice
- Off line
- Run as a batch
- At otherwise downtime

• All nodes ‘listen’ for traffic to sense when the network is idle.
• When a node wishes to transmit, it transmits a ‘request to send’ frame’ (RTS)
• The intended receiving device will transmit a ‘clear to send’ (CTS) frame if it is available.
• All other nodes ‘sense’ the network is busy and wait a random amount of time before trying to transmit

• do not allow outside floppy disks/CD’s/DVD’s
• use disk free work stations
• download/install and use anti virus software
• scan hard disks regularly
• update the anti virus program regularly
• do not open file attachments from unknown sources/download
• doubtful software from the Internet
• do not use files that come from unknown sources
• buy original software/do not buy pirated software
• use firewalls

Uses transistors( resistors and capacitors) . It can be implemented by the use of NAND or NOR gates. Data is stored on the chip as a charge

• In a client-server network, every device is either a client or a server whereas in a peer-to-peer network each computer has equal responsibility and each has the ability to work as both a server and a client

A computer virus is a program designed to damage other programs or causes irregular behaviour in a computer system.

• A compiled program will only execute on a processor of specific type/family/with same instruction set
• A program run using an interpreter can execute on a computer with any type of processor;

• To get the latest features
• To update security features