• Processor

a)  i)  Explain what is meant by the term volatile memory                                                            (1mark)

• Memory content is lost when the power is turned off

ii) What is normally stored in the non-volatile part of a computer’s main memory                       (1mark)

• The Computer’s BIOS

b) Explain why having cache memory can improve the performance of the CPU                         (2mks)

• Frequently used data/instructions are store in the cache; Meaning they don’t have to be fetched from the main memory;
• Data/instructions stored in the cache memory can be accessed faster (than data/instructions stored in the main memory) MAX 2

• Allows creation and management of user accounts
• Helps in troubleshooting of the network
• controls access to network resources
• Provides communication services
• configures network resources
•  

(a) Describe three effects this would have on the work force

• loss of jobs/unemployment
• deskilling
• need to re-train
• different jobs available/re-skilling
• no longer need to do hazardous/tedious jobs

(b) Give two advantages to the company of introducing robots

lower work force costs (no salaries to pay)

• lower environmental costs (less electricity for heating/lighting)
• higher throughput
• more consistent product
• robots don’t need breaks, holidays/work 24/7 etc.
• robots don’t take industrial action

(c) How could the robots be trained to assemble the televisions?

• tasks repeated by skilled worker and how each task is done is memorised
• tasks programmed directly into the computer/robot memor

(d) A whole batch of televisions was produced with some of the parts missing. How could this error have been avoided?

• if parts missing for a sequence, then a warning should be given and the assembly stopped
• several quality control stages to spot an error early on
• program in checks at each stage of assembly so robots can detect a fault immediately

Physical topology - the physical arrangement of nodes of a computer network

Examples

• bus topology
• ring topology
• mesh topology
• star topology

Logical topology- the way data flows in a network

Examples

• Ethernet
• Ring

• reduced labour costs/do not need paying
• reduced cost of goods
• improve speed of production/productivity
• high degree of accuracy/precision/less errors
• can operate where humans can not go
• do not take breaks/holidays/get tired
• work 24 hrs a day
• reduce accidents at traffic lights
• improve traffic flow
• can work in dangerous conditions

• compact disks
• DVDs
• Blue Ray

• memory used up/slows down computer/alters setting/systems failure
• erases files/erases data/corrupts data/data needs restoring
• infects other computers on the network
• production loss/financial loss

• consists of values between 0–255 / 0–FFF
• values are separated by full stops/colons
• it is a unique address
• can be static or dynamic
• can be public or private
• can be IPv4 / have four groups of digits
• can be IPv6 / have eight groups of digits
• in IPv6 :: can replace groups of zeros.

• it has a header that contains the destination address, the packet number, and the originator’s address
• it has a payload
• it has a trailer.

Taking a four-digit 0  binary number i.e (0000)2

In ones complement this is  1111

In twos complement this becomes 1111+1= 0000

So, It is clear that 0 and negative zero is the same in twos complement while in ones complement they are two different values

• Is an integration of sound, text, graphics, and video to convey information

The Fetch – Execute cycle is a sequence of actions, performed by the processor as it fetches
a program instruction from its memory, determines what the instruction wants to do and
carries out those actions. The stages of the cycle are provided below.

• Fetch the instruction – the processor fetches the instruction from a memory address stored in a program counter and transfers the instruction, via a data bus, to an instruction register. At the end of the fetch operation, the counter points to the next instruction that will be read in the next cycle.
• Decode the instruction – the processor decodes the instruction stored in the instruction register, including getting any operands required to complete the instruction.
• Execute the instruction – the decoded instruction is executed.
• Store the result – the result generated by the execute phase is stored in the main memory, and/or sent to an output device. The program counter is updated with feedback from the arithmetic logic unit (ALU), to a different address from which the next instruction will be fetched.

Legend

• Legends are a small visual representation of the chart's data series to understand each without confusion.

A data series

• is a row or column of numbers that are entered in a worksheet and plotted in your chart, such as a list of quarterly business profits
• A group of related data points or markers that are plotted in charts and graphs

Data Marker

• A symbol on the chart that represents a single value in the worksheet.
• A column, dot, pie slice, or another symbol in the chart that represents a data value

TV remote, wireless mouse , wireless keyboard, used by robots to gauge distance and avoid obstacles,

1. Hardware failure
2. Corrupted software files
3. Hacking into the system
4. Power failure

Router

1. Use a humidifier: Using a humidifier can help maintain a consistent level of humidity in the computer lab, which can prevent the negative effects of low humidity.

2. Avoid dry air: Avoid creating a dry environment in the computer lab by opening windows or using fans to increase air circulation.

3. Regular maintenance: Ensure that all computer components are properly maintained and cleaned to prevent damage due to static electricity.

4. Backup data: Regularly backup all important data to avoid data loss in case of hardware failure caused by low humidity.

5. Monitor humidity levels: Use a hygrometer to monitor the humidity levels in the computer lab and take corrective measures if the levels fall below a safe range.

6. Use anti-static materials: Use anti-static mats or wristbands when handling computer components to prevent static electricity buildup.

• RSI in wrists or fingers from prolonged typing or repeated clicking of mouse button
• headaches/eyestrain/dry eye from staring at a monitor for long periods of time/glare from monitor
• back ache/strain from sitting in the  same position for a long time/using chair with no adjustment

• switches can send and receive data simultaneously - they are full duplex
• a hub is half duplex- only one host can communicate at a time.
• a hub broadcast signals to all computers connected in a network while a switch directs data to its intended destination