Computer programs require translation to execute. (a) Compilers and interpreters translate high-level programming languages into machine code. Describe the main differences between a compiler and an interpreter.
Explain one benefit to a user if the program is distributed as free software
Maranda Mock CRE Paper 2 2024
c) Six ways in which Christians can assist the physically challenged members of the society (6mks)
Establishing special institutions for them
Donating equipment, which assists them in their movement.
Giving them vocational training
Assisting them in their daily chores
Accepting them as human beings like themselves
Helping them to develop their talents e.g. games, music, drama etc.
Identifying their abilities and giving them employment.
Encouraging relatives to live with them.
Giving them financial assistance to start income generating projects
a) The parable of the shrewd manager in Luke 16:1-33. (7mks)
There was a rich man who had a steward. He received charges that the steward was wasting his goods.
He called him what he was hearing about him. He told him to turn in account of his stewardship for he could no longer be steward.
The steward asked himself what he would do since his master was taking the stewardship away from him.
He was not strong enough to dig and was ashamed to beg.
He decided what to do so that people may receive him into their house when he is out of the stewardship
He was to summon his masters’ debtors one by one. He went to the first one and asked him how much he owned his master. The debtor said a hundred measures of oil, which he was told to write fifty.
He asked another how much he owned his master. He said a hundred measures of wheat he was told to write eighty
The master commended the dishonest steward for his shrewdness for the sons of his world are shrewder in dealing with their own generation that the ones light.
Seven causes of conflict between Jesus and the Jewish leader in Jerusalem. (7mks)
They questioned the authority Jesus was using to teach Lk 20:1-8.
Jesus accused them of persecuting and rejecting Gods servants in the parable of tenants. Lk 20:9-18.
They had conflict on the issue of whether to pay taxes to cease or not. Lk 20:19-26
The question on resurrection by the Sadducees on Levites marriage. Lk 20:27-39
He claimed to be the messiah and said that even David called Him Lord in the book of Psalms Lk 20:4-44
Jesus openly condemned the hypocrisy of the Jewish leader Lk 20:45-47
Jesus prophesied the destruction of temple of Jerusalem
He condemned the offerings of the rich Jewish leaders, which were meant to show off, but praised the widows’ offerings, which was made out of self-sacrifice Lk 21:1.
Six ways in which parents can resolve misunderstanding with their children. (6mks)
Allowing dialogue
Listening to their views
Presenting them with the correct, picture of the situation
Setting a good example to them
Giving them appropriate time for leisure activities
Seeking help from church leaders
Guiding them on how to choose friends
Advising them on the right moral values
Praying for and with them to bring about understanding
Committing the children to God’s will
Discussing the problem with their friends and relatives
a) Seven reasons why Jesus sent the Holy Spirit to the disciples after his ascension. (7mks)
The holy spirit would comfort the disciples
He was to counsel the disciples
He would guide the disciples on what is right / God’s righteousness
He was to convict people of their sins
He was to show disciples on what is right
He was to reveal the future / enable the disciples to prophet’s / God’s will
He would glorify Jesus through the work of the disciples
He would enable the disciples to witness Christ throughout the world
He would replace the physical presence of Jesus
He would empower the disciples to be able to speak with courage
b)How the unity of believers is expressed in the body of Christ? (8mks)
St Paul describes the believers as the body of Christ
Christ is the head of the church
The believers form parts of the body
The body has different organs, in the same way the church has different members
They all need to work together for the well-being of the church
Every part of the body is needed to make it whole/ all parts interdependent / one part cannot be without the other
The different church members are given different spiritual gifts by the holy spirit to carry out God’s work
Believers are united through baptism in the Holy Spirit.
c)The church in Kenya help to bring about the unity in the country. (6mks)
Assisting the government is developing a curriculum schools that teaches about patriotism
Advocating for peaceful co-existence among Kenyans
Fighting corruption, discrimination, tribalism, nepotism and all forms of favourism
Acting as a voice of reason among the ruling political class demanding their unity as a government
Assisting the less fortunate in the society thus fighting disparity
Condemning and reporting to the relevant authorized groups that bring disharmony in the society
Developing joint rallies, prayers and reconciliatory meetings together.
Forgiving one another to avoid disunity
Obeying church rules/ leaders
Chastity is a virtue
a) Attitude of Christian towards human sexuality. (7mks)
Sex is sacred
Man and woman are for companionship
Both man and woman are equal before God
It is for procreation
Man and woman are complementary
Man and woman were created in the image of God
They became one in marriage
Human beings have the ability to control sexual desire
All forms of irresponsible sex are condemned
Chastity is a virtue
b)Six ways in which sex is abused in Kenya today. (6mks)
Sex before marriage / fornication/ pre-marital sex
Sex outside marriage / adultery
Prostitution
Bestiality
Homosexuality/ lesbianism/ sodomy/oral sex
Pornographic literature/mass media using of technological devices in sex
Incest
Masturbation
Rape /defilement of minors
c)Why are minors sexually abused in Kenya today? (7mks)
Permissiveness
Lack of self-control
Influence of the mass media
Mental illness / stress/ drug and substance influence
Erosion of the African culture moral value
False religious / devil worship /strange cults
To avenge for oneself
Breakdown of religious values
Irresponsible parenthood
Indecent dressing
Leniency of the law
Idleness
Poverty / unemployment
6 a) Six practices in the African Society that promoted law, order and justice? (6mks)
Cultural taboos/dos and don’ts in the society
Kinship ties had rules which governed their relationships
Oaths – swearing while making agreements.
Rites of passage e.g. during initiation, the youth were taught laws/secrets of society.
Practice of rituals in the society promoted good relationships between the living/living dead.
Communal life i.e. “I am because we are, and since we are therefore Iamb.”
Inheritance of property was done fairly which brought justice /order.
Worship of God/veneration of ancestors created orderliness
b). Seven reasons for the need of law, order and justice in the society. (7mks)
In order to safeguard peoples personal rights.
To ensure security and protection of the people and their property.
To promote peace and harmony
To attract both local and foreign investment in the country
To promote peaceful relationship between countries.
To safeguard freedom of the citizens
To control and check the powers of those in authority
To enable the gov’t to implement its taxation policies effectively and to use the money
collected for the good of the community
To enable Christians worship God in peace and freely spread the good news.
c) Explain the factors which hinder effective maintenance of law and order in the (7 marks)
Increase in the rate of crime especially in urban areas
Political instability e.g. Post election violence
Greed for power and wealth
Political selfishness leading to dictatorship and despotism
High rate of unemployment leading to idleness / crime
Corruption especially by custodians of the law e.g. police.
Hypocrisy i.e. leaders misleading the society
High level of poverty forcing others into crime
Describe how the CPU and main memory work together.
Data and instructions are fetched from main memory, from addresses requested by the CPU on the address bus. (Data and instructions are sent) using the data bus. (Data and instructions are then) decoded and executed in the CPU.
Results of operations are sent back to the memory on the data bus
What is audit trail?
A record showing who has accessed a computer system and what operations he or she has performed during a given period of time
Using an example, explain a difference between a primary key and a foreign key in a relational database.
A primary key is a table field that uniquely identifies each record and ensures that duplicate entries are not allowed
A foreign key is primary key of a parent table placed in a child table to ensure that any record added to a child table is related to the one in parent table.
A foreign key is a field (or a set of fields) in one table that refers to the primary key of another table. It is used to establish and enforce a link between the data in the two tables, ensuring referential integrity.
Explain the difference between how the IMAP (Internet message access protocol) and SMTP (simple mail transfer protocol) protocols are used
IMAP
SMTP:
What is a source code as used in computer programming?
Describe the principles of operation of laser printers and describe how they are applied in real-life scenarios
Steps
Explain the term proofreading as used in word processing (2mks) [kcse 2017 Paper 1]
Compare the use of a compiler with the use of an interpreter to translate code
Both translate source code written in high level programming languages into machine code.
Compiler: Produces a single executable file that is portable between machines
Interpreter: Source code needs a special environment to run
Compiler: Needs to be compiled for a particular architecture
Interpreter: Can run on any architecture that has the translator/interpreter
Complier: Entire source code file is translated at once
Interpreter: Code is translated line by line
Compiler: Provides error report at the end of the compilation
Interpreter: Errors more obvious in the sequence
Compiler: The program source code is not available (so helps protect IP)
Interpreter: Source code is available
Compiler: Only has to be translated once (affecting the speed of execution)
Interpreter: Has to be translated each time, therefore (affecting the speed of execution)
Compiler: Requires two files to be maintained (one for execution and for editing purposes)
Interpreter: Requires only one file to be maintained
What precautions would you take in a computer room in case a user complains of backache after long periods of using the computer?
Ergonomic Chair: Ensure that each user has an ergonomic chair that provides proper lumbar support. The chair should be adjustable in terms of height and backrest angle.
Adjustable Desk: Provide adjustable desks or workstations that can accommodate different user heights and allow for proper positioning of the keyboard, mouse, and monitor.
Monitor Placement: Ensure that the computer monitors are positioned at eye level or slightly below to prevent users from straining their necks and shoulders. Consider using monitor stands or adjustable monitor arms for better positioning.
Keyboard and Mouse: Encourage the use of ergonomic keyboards and mice that are designed to minimize strain on the wrists and hands. Provide wrist rests if needed.
Proper Lighting: Ensure that the computer room is well-lit, with appropriate lighting levels to reduce eye strain. Avoid glare on the computer screens by using adjustable blinds or curtains.
Regular Breaks: Encourage users to take regular breaks from prolonged computer use. Suggest the 20-20-20 rule: Every 20 minutes, look away from the screen at an object 20 feet away for at least 20 seconds.
Stretching Exercises: Promote stretching exercises for the neck, shoulders, and back to help alleviate muscle tension and improve blood circulation. Display posters or provide resources on desk stretches and exercises.
Correct Posture: Educate users about proper sitting posture, emphasizing the importance of maintaining a neutral spine position. Provide visual aids or ergonomic training materials to demonstrate the correct posture.
Desk Organization: Encourage users to keep their workstations organized to minimize the need for reaching or straining. This includes keeping frequently used items within easy reach and arranging cables to prevent trip hazards.
Individual Assessments: If the backache issue persists, consider offering individual ergonomic assessments for users. A specialist can evaluate the user's workstation setup and suggest personalized recommendations.
What is a computer system ?
A computer system refers to computer components that collectively function as a single unit to achieve the desired goal. It can also be defined as a collection of hardware, software, and liveware that work together to receive, process, and manage data
Describe two effects on society of an increase in the use of the Internet for e-commerce.
Ochieng manages a network for an organisation.
(a) Two computers are assigned the same IP address.
Explain why Ochieng must change the IP address of one of the computers.
(b) Identify the network topology that requires a server.
Ochieng manages a network for an organisation.
(a) Two computers are assigned the same IP address.
Explain why Ochieng must change the IP address of one of the computers.
(b) Identify the network topology that requires a server.
Viruses, pharming and phishing are all examples of potential Internet security issues.
Explain what is meant by each of these three terms.
Virus
Pharming -
Phishing
List two areas where infrared waves are used in data communication.
TV remote, wireless mouse , wireless keyboard, used by robots to gauge distance and avoid obstacles,
State three functions of a network operating system
Explain two computer hardware features that may be considered when selecting a laptop computer to be used in developing a KCSE computer studies project (4mks)
Multimedia Capability - A laptop with strong multimedia capabilities is essential for a computer studies project submitted on CD-RW. This ensures that the laptop can efficiently handle multimedia content, providing a seamless experience in creating and presenting project materials.
Processor Speed - Opting for a laptop with a high processor speed is crucial. This feature enables the smooth execution of multiple applications simultaneously, enhancing overall project efficiency and reducing processing delays.
Hard Disk Capacity - Consider a laptop with ample hard disk capacity, as the Microsoft Office suite used in computer projects requires significant space for the installation and storage of project files. A spacious hard drive ensures that there is sufficient room for data and applications.
Main Memory Capacity - Given that students often work with multiple programs concurrently during a project, it's important to choose a laptop with an adequate main memory size. A smaller main memory may result in performance issues, hindering the seamless operation of various software applications during project development.