- Passwords
- Hierarchy
- Only allow some staff to access student files
- Only some machines able to access
- Physical location of these machines
- Physical lock on machines
- Encrypted data in files
- Firewall if connected to the Internet

• she had actually described verification
• data could be incorrect, therefore same incorrect data typed in twice
• accept description of validation process e.g. range check

• consists of values between 0–255 / 0–FFF
• values are separated by full stops/colons
• it is a unique address
• can be static or dynamic
• can be public or private
• can be IPv4 / have four groups of digits
• can be IPv6 / have eight groups of digits
• in IPv6 :: can replace groups of zeros.

A computer keyboard is an input device used to enter text, characters, and various commands into a computer or other digital devices.

• A barcode is one-dimensional while a QR code is two dimensional
• Barcodes are a set of vertical lines and QR code contains squares
• QR codes can be read from any angle . Barcode is only above or below and lined up horizontally

• holds an indexed sequence of variables of the same data type
• Arrays can be used to store values of the same data type and the array is then used as a singular variable to increase efficiency

• A compiled program will only execute on a processor of specific type/family/with same instruction set
• A program run using an interpreter can execute on a computer with any type of processor;

• Is where People are manipulated to divulge confidential information

– fact finding
– feasibility study
– analysis
– design
– testing
– documentation
– implementation/changeover/installation
– evaluation
– maintenance

• A laser printer makes use of powdered ink and static electricity to print
• Unlike inkjet printers which print line-by-line, laser printers print the whole page in one go

Steps

• The data from the  file to be printed is sent to a printer driver
• The printer driver checks that the data is in an understandable format
• The printer driver checks if the printer is able to carry out the print job
• The data is sent to the printer and is stored in a printer buffer
• A printing drum in the printer is given a positve charge. A laser beam removes the positive charge in some areas. This leaves negatively charged areas which matches the characters/images to be printed
•  

A file is a collection of related data given a unique name while a folder is named storage location on a storage media that contains related files

• Resizing using resize handles
• Rotating
• Cropping
• Flipping
• Moving

Trojan (horse); a program which misleads the user into thinking it is another

piece of software which, when run, executes another program;

Spyware; a program which records data such as usernames and passwords on

a host system and forwards the information to a third party;

Adware; code embedded or attached to program files which will persistently

show adverts (that attempt to generate revenue);

Worm; code which will run autonomously and replicates itself on a host system;

Ransomware; a program that encrypts user’s data to make it unreadable until

they pay for the key;

Remote Access Tool (RAT); allows access to control and monitor a computer

from a remote network location;

Rootkit; malware that has managed to gain ‘root’ admin privileges;

Bots/Zombies; a program installed on a computer that performs a job for the

remote owner of the bot/zombie such as sending spam or sending web requests

to perform a DOS or attacking a computer system;

Scareware; malware that tells you something is wrong with your system in an

attempt to get you to make a purchase;

Keylogger; a program that monitors/records a user’s keystrokes in order to steal

passwords/confidential details;

• the computer appears to “freeze”/”hang”
• computer won’t respond
• failure of hardware (stops computer normal functioning)
• failure of software (stops computer normal functioning)

 Data

Instructions

Network Failure - when the network becomes faulty or the network is down, users may not access network resources hence operations of an organization may be brought to a standstill

Security Issues:  A computer network can be accessed thus there is an increased chance of hacking

The rapid spread of viruses: Viruses can easily spread to terminals of a computer network which may be very expensive to clear

Cultural and moral effects: adult content may be shared in a networked environment which may be of negative impact on teenagers

Uses transistors( resistors and capacitors) . It can be implemented by the use of NAND or NOR gates. Data is stored on the chip as a charge

• memory used up/slows down computer/alters setting/systems failure
• erases files/erases data/corrupts data/data needs restoring
• infects other computers on the network
• production loss/financial loss